Ubuntu 18.04、16.04 安装 CUDA 10.1、CUDA 10、CUDA 9 教程

目前 Ubuntu 18.04、16.04 等已经支持使用 APT 包管理工具来安装 CUDA，非常方便。不像之前，装个 CUDA 给人感觉非常折腾，并且需要花很多力气。老唐看了看网上的教程，很多都没有更新，都是之前的教程，下载这个下载那个，配置这个配置那个的，感觉很不优雅。今天在此分享一下 Ubuntu 18.04、16.04 安装 CUDA 的教程，教程来自 Tensorflow 官方文档，老唐亲测有效。

一、Ubuntu 18.04 安装 CUDA 10.1

# Add NVIDIA package repositories
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/cuda-repo-ubuntu1804_10.1.243-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1804_10.1.243-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
sudo apt-get update
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1804_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get update

# Install NVIDIA driver
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends nvidia-driver-418
# Reboot. Check that GPUs are visible using the command: nvidia-smi

# Install development and runtime libraries (~4GB)
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends \
    cuda-10-1 \
    libcudnn7=7.6.4.38-1+cuda10.1  \
    libcudnn7-dev=7.6.4.38-1+cuda10.1


# Install TensorRT. Requires that libcudnn7 is installed above.
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libnvinfer6=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1 \
    libnvinfer-dev=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1 \
    libnvinfer-plugin6=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1

二、Ubuntu 16.04 安装 CUDA 10

# Add NVIDIA package repositories
# Add HTTPS support for apt-key
sudo apt-get install gnupg-curl
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_10.1.243-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_10.1.243-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
sudo apt-get update
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1604_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1604_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get update

# Install NVIDIA driver
# Issue with driver install requires creating /usr/lib/nvidia
sudo mkdir /usr/lib/nvidia
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends nvidia-418
# Reboot. Check that GPUs are visible using the command: nvidia-smi

# Install development and runtime libraries (~4GB)
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends \
    cuda-10-0 \
    libcudnn7=7.6.4.38-1+cuda10.1  \
    libcudnn7-dev=7.6.4.38-1+cuda10.1


# Install TensorRT. Requires that libcudnn7 is installed above.
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libnvinfer5=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1 \
    libnvinfer-dev=6.0.1-1+cuda10.1

三、Ubuntu 16.04 安装 CUDA 9

# Add NVIDIA package repository
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_9.1.85-1_amd64.deb
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1604_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./nvidia-machine-learning-repo-ubuntu1604_1.0.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt update

# Install the NVIDIA driver
# Issue with driver install requires creating /usr/lib/nvidia
sudo mkdir /usr/lib/nvidia
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends nvidia-410
# Reboot. Check that GPUs are visible using the command: nvidia-smi

# Install CUDA and tools. Include optional NCCL 2.x
sudo apt install cuda9.0 cuda-cublas-9-0 cuda-cufft-9-0 cuda-curand-9-0 \
    cuda-cusolver-9-0 cuda-cusparse-9-0 libcudnn7=7.2.1.38-1+cuda9.0 \
    libnccl2=2.2.13-1+cuda9.0 cuda-command-line-tools-9-0

# Optional: Install the TensorRT runtime (must be after CUDA install)
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libnvinfer4=4.1.2-1+cuda9.0

四、NVIDIA 显卡驱动安装失败的解决方法

如果上面步骤中，安装 NVIDIA 显卡驱动有问题，可以直接去 NVIDIA 官方下载显卡驱动安装包，然后手动安装。

下载地址：https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us

下载对应的显卡驱动安装包之后，进行安装即可（下载地址等替换成自己的，以下代码仅为示例）：

wget https://us.download.nvidia.cn/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/418.56/xxxxx.run
chmod +x *.run
sudo apt install build-essential
sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-418.56.run

参考文献：

• https://www.tensorflow.org/install/gpu?hl=zh_cn
• https://loblab.top/p/1370